a HOWTO for creating a live CD
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<li><a href="release.html">release process</a></li>
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<li><a href="studioLocalization.html">localizing LS Studio</a></li>
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<li><a href="preferences.html">definitions of shared station/user preferences</a></li>
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<li>HOWTO <a href="repositoryCdHowto.html">create a repository CD</a></li>
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<li>HOWTO <a href="liveCdHowto.html">create a live CD</a></li>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h1>Generated documentation</h1>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="content-type">
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<title>Campcaster live CD creation process documentation</title>
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<meta content="$Author$" name="author">
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Preface</h1>
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This document is part of the <a href="http://campcaster.campware.org/">Campcaster</a>
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project, Copyright © 2004 <a href="http://www.mdlf.org/">Media
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Development Loan Fund</a>, under the GNU <a
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href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GPL</a>.<br>
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<ul>
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<li>Author: $Author$</li>
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<li>Version: $Revision$</li>
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<li>Location: $URL$</li>
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</ul>
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<h1>Scope</h1>
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This document describes the process of creating a custom Ubuntu live CD
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with the Campcaster packages added.
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<h1>Acknowledgement</h1>
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The following HOWTO has been copied from Alberto Turelli's HOWTO at
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<a href="http://www.atworkonline.it/~bibe/ubuntu/custom-livecd.htm">http://www.atworkonline.it/~bibe/ubuntu/custom-livecd.htm</a>, with some modifications.
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<h1>Introduction</h1>
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<p>
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A live CD is a bootable CD with a complete Linux system on it. A live CD
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which contains the Campcaster packages can be used to demo Campcaster
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without having to install anything on the hard drive.
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</p>
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<p>
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It can also be used to create a new, complete Ubuntu system on the hard drive,
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with Campcaster automatically installed on it.
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</p>
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The live CD creation process consists of the following steps:<br>
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<ol>
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<li>Copy the live CD</li>
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<li>Free some space</li>
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<li>Mount the compressed filesystem</li>
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<li>Create an image for the modified filesystem</li>
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<li>Copy the compressed filesystem</li>
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<li>Chroot to, and tweak the system</li>
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<li>Finish the modified filesystem</li>
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<li>Build the modified compressed filesystem</li>
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<li>Create the new live CD</li>
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</ol>
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<h1>Notes</h1>
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<p>
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The live CD produced with this HOWTO (as of revision 3055) has the following issues:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>It is very slow if your computer has less than 1 GB of memory.</li>
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<li>Installing on the hard drive does not work well. There is an error message:
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<pre>
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Error removing campcaster-station.
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</pre>
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during the installation process, and the campcaster packages are not installed on the finished system.</li>
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</ul>
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<h1>The steps in detail</h1>
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<h2>1. Copy the live CD</h2>
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Export a shell variable (say, <i>WORK</i>) pointing to a working directory somewhere on your disk (say, <i>~/mylivecd</i>), so you can use this page as a copy-and-paste howto.
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<pre>
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$ export WORK=~/mylivecd
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$ mkdir -p $WORK
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</pre>
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Mount a (K)Ubuntu Linux Live CD
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<pre>
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$ mount -t iso9660 /dev/hdc /cdrom
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</pre>
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or the ISO image:
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<pre>
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$ sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop /path/to/dapper-live-i386.iso /cdrom
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</pre>
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Then copy the content of the disk into a new directory, set the write permission on the new directory's content, and unmount the Live CD (or the ISO image):
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<pre>
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$ cd $WORK
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$ mkdir ubuntu-livecd
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$ cp -a /cdrom/. ubuntu-livecd
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$ chmod -R u+w ubuntu-livecd
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$ sudo umount /cdrom
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</pre>
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The directory contains about 690 MB.
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You need a copy, because it will be modified.
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<h2>2. Free some space</h2>
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The copy of the Live CD has various subdirectories.
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I removed one of them, containing some Windows applications.
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<pre>
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$ rm -rf $WORK/ubuntu-livecd/programs
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</pre>
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The Live CD works fine without these programs.
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That saves about 30 MB.
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<h2>3. Mount the compressed filesystem</h2>
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<p>
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The visible content of the Live CD is mainly used for booting.
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(K)Ubuntu Linux itself is contained in a compressed filesystem image in <i>$WORK/ubuntu-livecd/casper/filesystem.squashfs</i>.
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</p>
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<p>
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To decompress and read this file, you need the squashfs module (installed by default on Ubuntu Dapper), and the <code>squashfs-tools</code> package.
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</p>
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<p>
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Finally loopback mount the compressed filesystem on a new mount point, say <i>$WORK/old</i>:
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<pre>
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$ mkdir $WORK/old
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$ sudo mount -t squashfs -o loop,ro $WORK/ubuntu-livecd/casper/filesystem.squashfs $WORK/old
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</pre>
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Have a look at <i>$WORK/old</i>.
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You should see the root of the (K)Ubuntu filesystem.
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</p>
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<h2>4. Create an image for the modified compressed filesystem</h2>
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This requires abount 2.5 GB of disk space. Make an empty file of 2.5 GB size:
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<pre>
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$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=$WORK/ubuntu-fs.ext2 bs=1M count=2500
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</pre>
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Format the file with an Ext2 filesystem:
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<pre>
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$ sudo mke2fs $WORK/ubuntu-fs.ext2
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</pre>
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mke2fs will warn you that <i>ubuntu-fs.ext2</i> a not a real device.
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This is ok, proceed.
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<br />
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Now loopback mount the freshly formatted filesystem on a new mount point, say <i>$WORK/new</i>:
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<pre>
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$ mkdir $WORK/new
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$ sudo mount -o loop $WORK/ubuntu-fs.ext2 $WORK/new
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</pre>
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<h2>5. Copy the compressed filesystem</h2>
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To modify the (K)Ubuntu filesystem, we need to decompress and copy it:
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<pre>
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$ sudo cp -a $WORK/old/. $WORK/new
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</pre>
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We can umount <i>$WORK/old</i> now, because we have copies of all the data we need:
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<pre>
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$ sudo umount $WORK/old
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</pre>
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<h2>6. Chroot to, and tweak the system</h2>
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<p>
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Now it's time to fine-tune the system to your needs, chrooting into the new system and using the standard Debian/Ubuntu tools.
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</p>
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<p>
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First, prepare the <i>/proc</i> filesystem and create the <i>/etc/resolv.conf</i> and <i>/etc/hosts</i> files in the copied filesystem. Then stop some services to make sure their ports are available in the chrooted system. Finally, chroot into you live CD environment:
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<pre>
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$ sudo mount -t proc -o bind /proc $WORK/new/proc
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$ sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /etc/hosts $WORK/new/etc/
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$ sudo /etc/init.d/campcaster-scheduler stop
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$ sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.1 stop
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$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop
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$ sudo chroot $WORK/new /bin/bash
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</pre>
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</p>
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<p>
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Now you are at the root of the (K)Ubuntu filesystem.
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Tweak the system as you like:
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<pre>
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# vi /etc/apt/sources.list # (Enable the universe and campware repositories.)
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# apt-get update
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# apt-get install campcaster-studio
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# apt-get clean
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# vim /opt/campcaster/etc/campcaster-scheduler.xml # (Change the sound
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# vim /opt/campcaster/etc/campcaster-studio.xml # devices to "default".)
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</pre>
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</p>
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<p>
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Stop the services started by the package installer, and leave the (K)Ubuntu filesystem:
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<pre>
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# /etc/init.d/campcaster-scheduler stop
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# /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.1 stop
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# /etc/init.d/apache2 stop
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# exit
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$ sudo umount $WORK/new/proc
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$ sudo rm $WORK/new/etc/resolv.conf $WORK/new/etc/hosts
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</pre>
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You are back at your own system.
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</p>
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<h2>7. Finish the modified filesystem</h2>
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First, update the manifest file to reflect the modified packages:
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<pre>
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$ sudo chroot $WORK/new dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Package} ${Version}\n' \
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> $WORK/ubuntu-livecd/casper/filesystem.manifest
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</pre>
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Next, clear the free disk space.
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Even if some Debian packages were removed, the unused space on the modified filesystem still holds the content.
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Fill all free space on the modified filesystem with zeroes (this will eventually fail with "no space left"), then remove the zero file:
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<pre>
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$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=$WORK/new/dummyfile
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$ sudo rm $WORK/new/dummyfile
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</pre>
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Now, all unused data blocks are filled with zeroes and compress to almost nothing.
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<h2>8. Build the modified compressed filesystem</h2>
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Re-generate the modified filesystem:
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<pre>
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$ sudo rm $WORK/ubuntu-livecd/casper/filesystem.squashfs
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$ cd $WORK/new
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$ sudo mksquashfs . $WORK/ubuntu-livecd/casper/filesystem.squashfs
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</pre>
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This is the most time-consuming step.
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Umount <i>$WORK/new</i> now, we are done:
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<pre>
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$ cd $WORK
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$ sudo umount $WORK/new
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</pre>
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<h2>9. Create the new live CD</h2>
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On the Live-CD there is a MD5 hash.
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Adjust it to the modified content of the CD:
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<pre>
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$ cd $WORK/ubuntu-livecd
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$ sudo find . -type f -print0 |xargs -0 md5sum |sudo tee md5sum.txt
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</pre>
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Now build the ISO image file, ubuntu-new.iso:
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<pre>
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$ cd $WORK
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$ sudo mkisofs \
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-o Ubuntu+Campcaster.iso \
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-b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
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-c isolinux/boot.cat \
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-no-emul-boot \
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-boot-load-size 4 \
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-boot-info-table \
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-r \
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-V "Ubuntu+Campcaster Live CD" \
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-cache-inodes \
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-J \
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-l \
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ubuntu-livecd
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</pre>
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<p>
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Burn Ubuntu+Campcaster.iso to a disk and you are done!
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</p>
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<p>
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For testing, a virtual PC like <i>qemu</i> is great.
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</p>
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<br />
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</body>
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</html>
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