chore(deps): update dependency black to v24 (#2916)

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This PR contains the following updates:

| Package | Change | Age | Adoption | Passing | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [black](https://togithub.com/psf/black)
([changelog](https://togithub.com/psf/black/blob/main/CHANGES.md)) |
`>=23.1.0,<24` -> `>=23.1.0,<25` |
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|
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|
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|
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|

---

### Release Notes

<details>
<summary>psf/black (black)</summary>

###
[`v24.1.1`](https://togithub.com/psf/black/blob/HEAD/CHANGES.md#2411)

[Compare Source](https://togithub.com/psf/black/compare/24.1.0...24.1.1)

Bugfix release to fix a bug that made Black unusable on certain file
systems with strict
limits on path length.

##### Preview style

- Consistently add trailing comma on typed parameters
([#&#8203;4164](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4164))

##### Configuration

- Shorten the length of the name of the cache file to fix crashes on
file systems that
do not support long paths
([#&#8203;4176](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4176))

###
[`v24.1.0`](https://togithub.com/psf/black/blob/HEAD/CHANGES.md#2410)

[Compare
Source](https://togithub.com/psf/black/compare/23.12.1...24.1.0)

##### Highlights

This release introduces the new 2024 stable style
([#&#8203;4106](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4106)),
stabilizing the following
changes:

- Add parentheses around `if`-`else` expressions
([#&#8203;2278](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/2278))
- Dummy class and function implementations consisting only of `...` are
formatted more
compactly ([#&#8203;3796](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3796))
- If an assignment statement is too long, we now prefer splitting on the
right-hand side
    ([#&#8203;3368](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3368))
- Hex codes in Unicode escape sequences are now standardized to
lowercase ([#&#8203;2916](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/2916))
- Allow empty first lines at the beginning of most blocks
([#&#8203;3967](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3967),
[#&#8203;4061](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4061))
- Add parentheses around long type annotations
([#&#8203;3899](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3899))
- Enforce newline after module docstrings
([#&#8203;3932](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3932),
[#&#8203;4028](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4028))
- Fix incorrect magic trailing comma handling in return types
([#&#8203;3916](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3916))
- Remove blank lines before class docstrings
([#&#8203;3692](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3692))
- Wrap multiple context managers in parentheses if combined in a single
`with` statement
    ([#&#8203;3489](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3489))
- Fix bug in line length calculations for power operations
([#&#8203;3942](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3942))
- Add trailing commas to collection literals even if there's a comment
after the last
    entry ([#&#8203;3393](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3393))
- When using `--skip-magic-trailing-comma` or `-C`, trailing commas are
stripped from
subscript expressions with more than 1 element
([#&#8203;3209](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3209))
- Add extra blank lines in stubs in a few cases
([#&#8203;3564](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3564),
[#&#8203;3862](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3862))
- Accept raw strings as docstrings
([#&#8203;3947](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3947))
- Split long lines in case blocks
([#&#8203;4024](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4024))
- Stop removing spaces from walrus operators within subscripts
([#&#8203;3823](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3823))
- Fix incorrect formatting of certain async statements
([#&#8203;3609](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3609))
- Allow combining `# fmt: skip` with other comments
([#&#8203;3959](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3959))

There are already a few improvements in the `--preview` style, which are
slated for the
2025 stable style. Try them out and
[share your feedback](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues). In the
past, the preview
style has included some features that we were not able to stabilize.
This year, we're
adding a separate `--unstable` style for features with known problems.
Now, the
`--preview` style only includes features that we actually expect to make
it into next
year's stable style.

##### Stable style

Several bug fixes were made in features that are moved to the stable
style in this
release:

- Fix comment handling when parenthesising conditional expressions
([#&#8203;4134](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4134))
- Fix bug where spaces were not added around parenthesized walruses in
subscripts,
unlike other binary operators
([#&#8203;4109](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4109))
- Remove empty lines before docstrings in async functions
([#&#8203;4132](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4132))
- Address a missing case in the change to allow empty lines at the
beginning of all
blocks, except immediately before a docstring
([#&#8203;4130](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4130))
- For stubs, fix logic to enforce empty line after nested classes with
bodies ([#&#8203;4141](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4141))

##### Preview style

- Add `--unstable` style, covering preview features that have known
problems that would
block them from going into the stable style. Also add the
`--enable-unstable-feature`
    flag; for example, use
`--enable-unstable-feature hug_parens_with_braces_and_square_brackets`
to apply this
preview feature throughout 2024, even if a later Black release
downgrades the feature
to unstable ([#&#8203;4096](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4096))
- Format module docstrings the same as class and function docstrings
([#&#8203;4095](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4095))
- Fix crash when using a walrus in a dictionary
([#&#8203;4155](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4155))
- Fix unnecessary parentheses when wrapping long dicts
([#&#8203;4135](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4135))
- Stop normalizing spaces before `# fmt: skip` comments
([#&#8203;4146](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4146))

##### Configuration

- Print warning when configuration in `pyproject.toml` contains an
invalid key ([#&#8203;4165](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4165))
- Fix symlink handling, properly ignoring symlinks that point outside of
root ([#&#8203;4161](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4161))
- Fix cache mtime logic that resulted in false positive cache hits
([#&#8203;4128](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4128))
- Remove the long-deprecated `--experimental-string-processing` flag.
This feature can
currently be enabled with `--preview --enable-unstable-feature
string_processing`.
    ([#&#8203;4096](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4096))

##### Integrations

- Revert the change to run Black's pre-commit integration only on
specific git hooks
([#&#8203;3940](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/3940)) for better
compatibility with older versions of pre-commit
([#&#8203;4137](https://togithub.com/psf/black/issues/4137))

</details>

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